Advances and perspective on the translational medicine of biodegradable metals

doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.03.002

Biomaterials Translational ›› 2021, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (3): 177-187.doi: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.03.002

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Advances and perspective on the translational medicine of biodegradable metals

Hongtao Yang¹^,², Wenjiao Lin³^,⁴, Yufeng Zheng¹^,^*()

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
2 School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
3 College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
4 Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

Received:2021-05-30 Revised:2021-07-16 Accepted:2021-07-21 Online:2021-09-28 Published:2021-09-28
Contact: Yufeng Zheng E-mail:yfzheng@pku.edu.cn
About author:Yufeng Zheng, yfzheng@pku.edu.cn.

Abstract

Abstract:

Biodegradable metals, designed to be safely degraded and absorbed by the body after fulfil the intended functions, are of particular interest in the 21^st century. The marriage of advanced biodegradable metals with clinical needs have yield unprecedented possibility. Magnesium, iron, and zinc-based materials constitute the main components of temporary, implantable metallic medical devices. A burgeoning number of studies on biodegradable metals have driven the clinical translation of biodegradable metallic devices in the fields of cardiology and orthopaedics over the last decade. Their ability to degrade as well as their beneficial biological functions elicited during degradation endow this type of material with the potential to shift the paradigm in the treatment of musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an insight into the degradation mechanism of these metallic devices in specific application sites and introduces state-of-the-art translational research in the field of biodegradable metals, as well as highlighting some challenges for materials design strategies in the context of mechanical and biological compatibility.

Key words: biodegradable metals, cardiovascular applications, clinical translation, degradation mechanism, orthopaedic applications

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Figures/Tables 5

Figure 1. Design of biodegradable metals based on the criteria of “biodegradability” and “biocompatibility”. BM: biodegradable metal. Reprinted with permission from Liu et al.11 Copyright 2019 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Figure 2. (A) Scanning electron microscopic images and corresponding chemical element distribution of one iron strut, and micro-computed tomographic image of a representative iron-based scaffold with residual iron backbone and corrosion products at 6 months after implantation in the rabbit abdominal aorta. Scale bars: 200 μm (scanning electron microscopic images). 3D: three-dimensional. Reprinted from Lin et al.33 Copyright 2016, with permission from Elsevier. (B) Macrophages engulf the insoluble corrosion products of an iron-based scaffold in rabbit abdominal aorta within 12 months. Right images are magnifications of black rectangles in left images. Scale bars: 500 μm (left), 50 μm (middle), 20 μm (right). Reprinted Lin et al.34 Copyright 2017, with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 3. Schematic diagrams showing evolution of the degradation mechanism of a zinc (Zn) stent associated with the conversion of degradation microenvironments during the healing process. a-d indicates representative time points during vascular healing, which are described by images above from left to right. Scale bars: 10 μm or 3 μm. Reprinted from Yang et al.42 Copyright 2017, with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 4. MAGNEAIX® compression screws for Hallux valgus surgery. Red arrows indicate implantation sites. OP: operative; R: right. Reprinted from Windhagen et al.45; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Figure 5. Biodegradable nitride iron scaffold with intercalated structure design. PDLLA: poly (D, L-lactide). Reprinted from Lin et al.55

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