Design and evaluation of a novel sub-scaffold dental implant system based on the osteoinduction of micro-nano bioactive glass

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112X.2020.01.008

Biomaterials Translational ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 82-88.doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112X.2020.01.008

• RESEARCH ARTICLE • Previous Articles Next Articles

Design and evaluation of a novel sub-scaffold dental implant system based on the osteoinduction of micro-nano bioactive glass

Fujian Zhao¹, Zhen Yang²^,³, Lu Liu²^,³, Dafu Chen⁴, Longquan Shao¹^,^*(), Xiaofeng Chen²^,³^,^*()

1 Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
3 National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
4 Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.

Received:2020-08-21 Revised:2020-10-26 Accepted:2020-10-30 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-12-28
Contact: Longquan Shao,Xiaofeng Chen E-mail:shaolongquan@smu.edu.cn;chenxf@scut.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Alveolar ridge atrophy brings great challenges for endosteal implantation due to the lack of adequate vertical bone mass to hold the implants. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel dental implant design: sub-scaffold dental implant system (SDIS), which is composed of a metal implant and a micro-nano bioactive glass scaffold. This implant system can be directly implanted under mucous membranes without adding any biomolecules or destroying the alveolar ridge. To evaluate the performance of the novel implant system in vivo, SDISs were implanted into the sub-epicranial aponeurosis space of Sprague-Dawley rats. After 6 weeks, the SDIS and surrounding tissues were collected and analysed by micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy and histology. Our results showed that SDISs implanted into the sub-epicranial aponeurosis had integrated with the skull without any mobility and could stably support a denture. Moreover, this design achieved alveolar ridge augmentation, as active osteogenesis could be observed outside the cortical bone. Considering that the microenvironment of the sub-epicranial aponeurosis space is similar to that of the alveolar ridge, SDISs have great potential for clinical applications in the treatment of atrophic alveolar ridges. The study was approved by the Animal Care Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (approval No. 2017370).

Key words: alveolar ridge augmentation, micro-nano bioactive glass, osteoinduction, sub-scaffold dental implant system

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Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1. Composition and characterization of the SDIS. (A) A CAD model of the metal implant which consists of two parts: a denture connection part and a fixation part. (B) Digital photos of the two opposite surfaces of the metal implant, created by the SLM process. (C) SEM image of the metal implant. (D) Digital photo of the SDIS created by assembling the metal implant and MNBG scaffold together. (E) SEM image of the MNBG scaffold. Scale bars: 2 mm in B and D, 20 μm in C, 200 μm in E, 400 nm in enlarge part. CAD: computer-aided design; MNBG: micro-nano bioactive glass; SDIS: scaffold dental implant system; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; SLM: selective laser melting.

Figure 2. (A) Surgical placement of the SDIS implanted into the sub-epicranial aponeurosis; (B) Digital image of the repair effect and (insert) close-up of the top view; (C) Schematic illustration of the SDIS: the centre hole of the metal implant and the denture are joined together by a connecting rod. SDIS: scaffold dental implant system.

Figure 3. (A) Digital photo of the reparative effect. (B) Residual SDIS and surrounding bone tissue at week 6. (C) Micro-CT analysis of 3-dimensional reconstructed images of SDIS and surrounding tissue after implantation for 6 weeks. A magnified image of the join between implant and bone, showed good integration. Pink indicates residual bioactive glass scaffold, blue indicates the metal implant, and yellow indicates the skull. SDIS: scaffold dental implant system.

Figure 4. Histological analysis of the MNBG scaffolds and cortical bone after Masson’s trichrome staining. (A, C) Centre and edge areas. (B) Area between edge and centre, as shown in the schematic diagram. The yellow boxes show the areas which are enlarged below. The yellow arrows indicate osteoblasts and the red arrow indicates an osteocyte. Scale bars: 200 μm (upper panel), 50 μm (lower panel). CB: cortical bone; CF: collagen fibres; LB: pre-lamellar bone; MNBG: micro-nano bioactive glass; RS: residual scaffolds.

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Design and evaluation of a novel sub-scaffold dental implant system based on the osteoinduction of micro-nano bioactive glass

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