Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with tobacco mosaic virus containing cell adhesive peptide induce bone repair in normal and osteoporotic rats
Jishan Yuan1, Panita Maturavongsadit2,3, Zhihui Zhou1, Bin Lv1, Yuan Lin4, Jia Yang2, Jittima Amie Luckanagul5,6,*()

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Figure 4.. Inflammatory cell infiltration observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. (A) Photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from skull defects implanted with each type of hydrogel (MeHA, MeHA + TMV, and MeHA + TMV-RGD) (original magnification, 40×). The new bone is visible as a compact structure with a pink colour. The connective tissue can be seen as a structured network of cells in a purple colour. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin histological scoring of the three types of hydrogels confirm the difference in proportion of bone healing area and degree of inflammation (arbitrary scoring). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, vs. sham group (one-way analysis of variance). MeHA: methacrylated hyaluronic acid; OVX: ovariectomised; RGD: arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; TMV: tobacco mosaic virus.