Recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy combined with tissue engineering for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine

Yiqing Wang, Xiangyu Chu, Bing Wang

Table 2 Commonly-used gene- and cell-activated biomaterials

Polymer category Type of scaffold Source Advantages Disadvantages References Natural Porous-based scaffolds Gelatine, collagen, polysaccharides 1. Biocompatible, biodegradable 2. Low toxicity and inflammation 3. Functionally similar to extracellular matrix 1. Low bearing capacity 67-71 Hydrogel-based scaffolds Fibrin glue, fibrin sealant, collagen, gelatine, hyaluronic acid 1. Biodegradable 2. Water-soluble 3. Easily controlled architecture 4. Functionally-similar to extracellular matrix 1. Poor mechanical properties 58, 72-75 Synthetic Porous-based scaffolds Polyester urethane urea, polyester ether urethane urea, polycaprolactone, poly-L-lactic acid 1. Strong mechanical properties 2. Easily manipulated 3. Versatile shape, toughness, and stability 1. Low bioactivity 2. Slow degradation 3. Contain acid by-products 40, 65, 76-78 Hydrogel-based scaffolds Poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide) 1. Water-soluble 2. Better mechanical strength 1. Slow degradation 2. Compromised flexibility 79