A biomaterials viewpoint for the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development
Isak Jatoi, Jingyu Fan
Table 1 Summary of COVID-19 vaccines currently in clinical trials
Vaccine candidate Company Mechanism Phase
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd. Inactivated Phase 3
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Sinopharm + China National Biotec Group Co. Ltd. + Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Inactivated Phase 3
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Sinopharm + China National Biotec Group Co. Ltd. + Beijing Institute of Biological Products Inactivated Phase 3
ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222) AstraZeneca + University of Oxford Viral vector Phase 3
Recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector) CanSino Biologics Inc. + Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Viral vector Phase 3
Gam-COVID-Vac, Aden-based (rAd26-S+rAd5-S) Gamaleya Research Institute, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation Viral vector Phase 3
AD26.COV2.S Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Viral vector Phase 3
SARS-CoV-2 rS/Matrix M1-Adjuvant Novavax Protein subunit Phase 3
mRNA-1273 Moderna + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases RNA Phase 3
BNT162 (3 LNP-mRNAs) BioNTech + Fosun Pharma; Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Prevention and Control + Pfizer RNA Phase 2/3
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceuticals + Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Protein subunit Phase 3
CVnCoV vaccine CureVac AG RNA Phase 3
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Inactivated Phase 3
QazCovid-in - COVID-19 inactivated vaccine Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Republic of Kazakhstan Inactivated Phase 3
INO-4800+electroporation Inovio Pharmaceuticals + International Vaccine Institute, South Korea + Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. DNA Phase 2/3
AG0301-COVID19 AnGes + Takara Bio Inc. + Osaka University DNA Phase 2/3
nCov vaccine Cadila Healthcare Ltd. DNA Phase 3
GX-19 Genexine Consortium DNA Phase 1/2
Whole-Virion Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBV152) Bharat Biotech International Limited Inactivated Phase 3
KBP-COVID-19 (RBD-based) Kentucky Bioprocessing Inc. Protein subunit Phase 1/2
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulation 1 with adjuvant Sanofi Pasteur + GSK Protein subunit Phase 1/2
ARCT-021 Arcturus Therapeutics RNA Phase 2
RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP vaccine Serum Institute of India + Accelagen Pty Virus like particle Phase 1/2
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd. Inactivated Phase 2
GRAd-COV2 ReiThera + Leukocare + Univercells Viral vector Phase 1
VXA-CoV2-1 AD5 adjuvanted oral vaccine platform Vaxart Inc. Viral vector Phase 1
MVA-SARS-2-S University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf + Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Viral vector Phase 2
SCB-2019 + AS03 or CpG 1018 adjuvant plus Alum adjuvant Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax Protein subunit Phase 2/3
COVID19 vaccine Vaxine Pty Ltd. + Medytox Protein subunit Phase 1
MVC-COV1901 (S-2P protein + CpG 1018) Medigen Vaccine Biologics + Dynavax + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Protein subunit Phase 1
FINLAY-FR anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Instituto Finlay de Vacunas Protein subunit Phase 2
EpiVacCorona Federal Budgetary Research Institution, State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” Protein subunit Phase 1/2
RBD Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Sf9 cell) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Protein subunit Phase 2
IMP CoVac-1 (SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides) University Hospital Tübingen Protein subunit Phase 1
UB-612 COVAXX + United Biomedical Inc. Protein subunit Phase 2/3
V591-001 - Measles-vector based (TMV-o38) Merck & Co. Inc. + Themis + Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd. + Institut Pasteur + University of Pittsburgh Viral vector (replicating) Phase 1/2
DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Viral vector (replicating) Phase 2
LNP-nCoVsaRNA Imperial College London RNA Phase 1
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine Shulan Hospital + Guangxi Centre for Disease Prevention and Control RNA Phase 1
Coronavirus-like particle COVID-19 Medicago Inc. Viral like particle Phase 2/3
Covid-19/aAPC vaccine Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute Viral vector (replicating) + APC Phase 1
LV-SMENP-DC vaccine Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute Viral vector (non-replicating) + APC Phase 1/2
AdimrSC-2f Adimmune Corporation Protein subunit Phase 1
Covigenix VAX-001 Entos Pharmaceuticals Inc. DNA Phase 1
CORVax Providence Health & Services DNA Phase 1
ChulaCov19 mRNA vaccine Chulalongkorn University RNA Phase 1
bacTRL-Spike Symvivo Corporation DNA Phase 1
hAd5-S-Fusion+N-ETSD vaccine ImmunityBio, Inc. Viral vector Phase 1
COH04S1 (MVA-SARS-2-S) City of Hope Medical Center + National Cancer Institute Viral vector Phase 1
rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine Israel Institute for Biological Research Viral vector (replicating) Phase 1/2
Dendritic cell vaccine AV-COVID-19 Avita Biomedical, Inc. + National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia Viral vector (replicating) + APC Phase 1/2
COVI-VAC Codagenix/Serum Institute of India Live attenuated virus Phase 1
CIGB-669 (RBD+AgnHB) Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Protein subunit Phase 1/2
CIGB-66 (RBD + aluminium hydroxide) Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Protein subunit Phase 1/2
VLA2001 Valneva + National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom Inactivated Phase 1/2
BECOV2 Biological E., Ltd. Protein subunit Phase 1/2
AdCLD-CoV19 Cellid Co. Ltd. Viral vector (replicating) Phase 1/2
GLS-5310 GeneOne Life Science, Inc. DNA Phase 1/2
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, aluminium adjuvanted Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Protein subunit Phase 1/2
S-268019 Shionogi Co., Ltd. Protein subunit Phase 1/2
AdCOVID Altimmune, Inc. Viral vector Phase 1
SARS-CoV-2-RBD-Fc fusion protein University Medical Center Groningen + Akston Biosciences Inc. Protein subunit Phase 1/2
ERUCOV-VAC Erciyes University Inactivated Phase 1