An update of nanotopographical surfaces in modulating stem cell fate: a narrative review

Shuqin Cao, Quan Yuan

Table 1 Nanotopogrphical features and their cellular effect on stem cells

Nanotopographical surfaces Structure features Fabrication technique Cellular effect Static patterned surfaces Nanopillar33, 35 Ultraviolet-lithography, injection molding Promote cells elongation and differentiation Nanopits37 Colloidal lithography Provide large surface traction forces to promote cell adhesion Nanopore36 Anodization Prohibit cell attachment and limit cell migration Nanospike40 Photolithography Enhance stem cell differentiation, secretion of growth factors Grooved surfaces43, 44 Argon ion plasma, molding Promote cell adhesion and proliferation Dynamic patterned surfaces Electro responsive, nanotubes to nanotips50 Electrochemical polymerization Dynamic attachment and detachment to mesenchymal stem cells Ultraviolet responsive, flat to rigid51 Spin coating Induce cyclic cellular and nuclear stretches Thermoresponsive, flat to wrinkle52 Ultraviolet polymerization and spin coating Dynamic response of focal adhesion Roughness Gradient: 0.77–1.09 µm56 Molding Cellular attachment, F-actin arrangement High: 14.3 nm, low: 71 nm57 Electrospinning Cell morphology, metabolic activity Gradient: 200 nm–1.2 μm59 Soft lithography Enhance cell mechanosensing and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells