Manufacturing artificial bone allografts: a perspective

Emma Steijvers, Armaan Ghei, Zhidao Xia

Table 2 Decellularisation methods for bone grafts*

Method Advantages Drawbacks Chemical SDS Complete removal of cellular components Damages ECM: • Collagen disruption • GAG reduction Triton TnBP Good preservation of the ECM Poor cell removal efficiency Enzymatic DNAse • Not damaging to the ECM • Very efficient in DNA debris elimination Difficult to wash off tissues. Works only in combination with treatment disrupting cell membranes Trypsin Efficient cell surface removal Prolonged exposure can disrupt ECM EDTA Disrupts cell adhesion to ECM Inefficient alone, often combined with trypsin Mechanical Freeze/thaw Efficient disruption of cell membranes Does not efficiently remove cellular components & can damage ECM Pressure Increases chemical exposure and debris removal in tissues High pressures can affect ECM integrity