History, progress and future challenges of artificial blood vessels: a narrative review

Ke Hu, Yuxuan Li, Zunxiang Ke, Hongjun Yang, Chanjun Lu, Yiqing Li, Yi Guo, Weici Wang

Figure 4. Evaluations of artificial blood vessels in vivo. (A) Macroscopic views of grafts upon implantation. (B) Macroscopic views of grafts post-operation. (C) Ultrasound image of graft implanted into rat common carotid artery. (D) Representative image of recorded angiogram showing graft patency. (E) Haematoxylin & eosin cross-sectional image. (F) Immunofluorescence image of the middle section of a vascular graft. (G) Common animal models for evaluation in vivo. EVG: elastic Van Gieson (Verhoeff ′s Van Gieson); GRAFT: graft. Created with Biorender.com.