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RESEARCH ARTICLE
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A comparative study of human and porcine–derived decellularised nerve matrices

Rui Li1,2 ,  Shuai Qiu3 ,  Weihong Yang2,4 ,  Zilong Rao1 ,  Jiaxin Chen1 ,  Yuexiong Yang4 ,  Qingtang Zhu3* ,  Xiaolin Liu3 ,  Ying Bai1* ,  Daping Quan1*
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1 Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat–sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
2 Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat–sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
3 Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Peripheral Nerve Tissue, Department of Orthopaedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat–sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
4 Guangzhou Zhongda Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
BMT 2023 , 4(3), 180–195; https://doi.org/10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.006
Submitted: 17 November 2022 | Revised: 6 December 2022 | Accepted: 8 March 2023 | Published: 28 September 2023
Copyright © 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 License.
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Abstract

Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) biomaterials originating from allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have been broadly studied in the field of regenerative medicine and have already been used in clinical treatments. Allogeneic dECMs are considered more compatible, but they have the drawback of extremely limited human tissue sources. Their availability is also restricted by the health and age of the donors. To investigate the viability of xenogeneic tissues as a substitute for human tissues, we fabricated both porcine decellularised nerve matrix (pDNM) and human decellularised nerve matrix for a comprehensive comparison. Photomicrographs showed that both dECM scaffolds retained the ECM microstructures of native human nerve tissues. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the protein compositions of both dECMs were also very similar to each other. Their functional ECM contents effectively promoted the proliferation, migration, and maturation of primary human Schwann cells in vitro. However, pDNM contained a few antigens that induced severe host immune responses in humanised mice. Interestingly, after removing the α–galactosidase antigen, the immune responses were highly alleviated and the pre–treated pDNM maintained a human decellularised nerve matrix–like pro–regenerative phenotype. Therefore, we believe that an α–galactosidase–free pDNM may serve as a viable substitute for human decellularised nerve matrix in future clinical applications.

Keywords
allogeneic ; decellularised nerve matrix ; immune response ; xenogeneic ; α–Gal
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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