Biomaterials Translational ›› 2023, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1): 18-26.doi: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.01.004
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Rob Jess1,2#, Tao Ling3,#,†, Yi Xiong3,*(
), Chris J. Wright1, Feihu Zhao1,2,*()
Received:2022-12-27
Revised:2023-01-17
Accepted:2023-02-27
Online:2023-03-28
Published:2023-03-28
Contact:
* Feihu Zhao,About author:Feihu Zhao,feihu.zhao@swansea.ac.uk;Yi Xiong,xiongy3@sustech.edu.cn.Jess, R.; Ling, T.; Xiong, Y.; Wright, C. J.; Zhao, F. Mechanical environment for in vitro cartilage tissue engineering assisted by in silico models. Biomater Transl. 2023, 4(1), 18-26.
| Chondrocytes resource | Substrate material & stiffness | Biological responses | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine | Hydrogel: (i) 3.7 kPa (ii) 53 kPa | ? Type I and II collagen: no difference ? Cell number and ECM amount: (i) > (ii) | |
| Sheep | Hydrogel: (i) 5 kPa (ii) 10 kPa (iii) 20 kPa | ? Aggrecan, Col2a1, and Sox9 levels: (i) > (ii) or (iii) ? Organisation of actin cytoskeleton (co–related to loss of chondrocyte phenotype): (i) < (ii) or (iii) | |
| Bovine | Hydrogel: (i) 3.8 kPa (ii) 17.1 kPa (iii) 29.9 kPa | ? Round cell morphology and decreased actin cytoskeletal organisation: (iii) > (ii) > (i) ? sGAG/DNA, Col2a1 and aggrecan expressions: (iii) > (ii) > (i) | |
| Bovine | Hydrogel: (i) 1 kPa (ii) 15 kPa (iii) 30 kPa | ? sGAG and type II collagen expressions: (iii) > (ii) > (i) | |
| Murine | Type II collagen-coated PAM: 0.2 – 1.1 MPa | ? Proteoglycan deposition, and Sox9, Col2a1, and aggrecan mRNA expressions are greatest under the substrate stiffness of 0.5 MPa ? mRNA level: no difference | |
| Bovine | PAM gel coated with type I collagen: (i) 4 kPa (ii) 10 kPa (iii) 40 kPa (iv) 100 kPa | ? Differentiated chondrocyte phenotype: (i) > (ii) – (iv) ? Type II collagen and aggrecan genes: (i) > (ii) - (iv) ? Type I collagen: (i) < (ii) – (iv) | |
| Human | (i) PDMS: 4.8 MPa (ii) PS: 2.9 GPa | ? Sox9 and type II collagen expressions: (i) > (ii) ? Proliferation: no difference |
Table 1. Chondrocytes respond to substrates with different stiffness in cell culturing
| Chondrocytes resource | Substrate material & stiffness | Biological responses | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine | Hydrogel: (i) 3.7 kPa (ii) 53 kPa | ? Type I and II collagen: no difference ? Cell number and ECM amount: (i) > (ii) | |
| Sheep | Hydrogel: (i) 5 kPa (ii) 10 kPa (iii) 20 kPa | ? Aggrecan, Col2a1, and Sox9 levels: (i) > (ii) or (iii) ? Organisation of actin cytoskeleton (co–related to loss of chondrocyte phenotype): (i) < (ii) or (iii) | |
| Bovine | Hydrogel: (i) 3.8 kPa (ii) 17.1 kPa (iii) 29.9 kPa | ? Round cell morphology and decreased actin cytoskeletal organisation: (iii) > (ii) > (i) ? sGAG/DNA, Col2a1 and aggrecan expressions: (iii) > (ii) > (i) | |
| Bovine | Hydrogel: (i) 1 kPa (ii) 15 kPa (iii) 30 kPa | ? sGAG and type II collagen expressions: (iii) > (ii) > (i) | |
| Murine | Type II collagen-coated PAM: 0.2 – 1.1 MPa | ? Proteoglycan deposition, and Sox9, Col2a1, and aggrecan mRNA expressions are greatest under the substrate stiffness of 0.5 MPa ? mRNA level: no difference | |
| Bovine | PAM gel coated with type I collagen: (i) 4 kPa (ii) 10 kPa (iii) 40 kPa (iv) 100 kPa | ? Differentiated chondrocyte phenotype: (i) > (ii) – (iv) ? Type II collagen and aggrecan genes: (i) > (ii) - (iv) ? Type I collagen: (i) < (ii) – (iv) | |
| Human | (i) PDMS: 4.8 MPa (ii) PS: 2.9 GPa | ? Sox9 and type II collagen expressions: (i) > (ii) ? Proliferation: no difference |
Figure 1. (A) In static culturing condition, cells are cultured on substrates with different stiffnesses. (B) Different types of mechanical stimulations have been applied to cells in dynamic culturing conditions.
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