2023 Issue 3 (Available Online: 2023-09-28)

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EDITORIAL

The promise of serendipitous thinking

Qian Wang

2023, 4(3):  129-130.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.001

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VIEWPOINT

Global trends and hot topics in clinical applications of perovskite materials: a bibliometric analysis

Tai–Long Shi, Yi–Fan Zhang, Meng–Xuan Yao, Chao Li, Hai–Cheng Wang, Chuan Ren, Jun–Sheng Bai, Xu Cui, Wei Chen

2023, 4(3):  131-141.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.002



This review examines the application of perovskite in medical materials through bibliometric analysis, obtains the development history of perovskite in time and space, summarises the application of perovskite in the medical field from four aspects and prospects the future development.


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In recent years, perovskite has received increasing attention in the medical field. However, there has been a lack of related bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study aims to analyse the research status and hot topics of perovskite in the medical field from a bibliometric perspective and explore the research direction of perovskite. This study collected 1852 records of perovskite research in the medical field from 1983 to 2022 in the Web of Science (WOS) database. The country, institution, journal, cited references, and keywords were analysed using CiteSpace, VOS viewer, and Bibliometrix software. The number of articles related to perovskite research in the medical field has been increasing every year. China and USA have published the most papers and are the main forces in this research field. The University of London Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine is the most active institution and has contributed the most publications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is the most prolific journal in this field. “Medical electronic devices”, “X–rays”, and “piezoelectric materials” are the most researched directions of perovskite in the medical field. “Performance”, “perovskite”, and “solar cells” are the most frequently used keywords in this field. Advanced Materials is the most relevant and academically influential journal for perovskite research. Halide perovskites have been a hot topic in this field in recent years and will be a future research trend. X–ray, electronic medical equipment, and medical stents are the main research directions.

REVIEW

Animal models for testing biomaterials in periodontal regeneration

Qiao Sun, Yicun Li, Ping Luo, Hong He

2023, 4(3):  142-150.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.003



Various animal models used for testing biomaterials in periodontal regeneration are reviewed, including the chronic/acute periodontal defect model, mandibular angle defect model, calvarial defect model, and heterotopic regeneration model. Acute periodontal defects can be further categorised as intrabony defects, supra-alveolar defects, furcation defects, recession-type defects, and interproximal defects.


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Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease. It can cause tooth loss and has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. While existing treatments can only slow the progression of periodontitis, they are unable to achieve complete regeneration and functional reconstruction of periodontal tissues. As a result, regenerative therapies based on biomaterials have become a focal point of research in the field of periodontology. Despite numerous studies reporting the superiority of new materials in periodontal regeneration, limited progress has been made in translating these findings into clinical practice. This may be due to the lack of appropriate animal models to simulate the tissue defects caused by human periodontitis. This review aims to provide an overview of established animal models for periodontal regeneration, examine their advantages and limitations, and outline the steps for model construction. The objective is to determine the most relevant animal models for periodontal regeneration based on the hypothesis and expected outcomes.

Fabrication, microstructure and properties of advanced ceramic–reinforced composites for dental implants: a review

Mugilan Thanigachalam, Aezhisai Vallavi Muthusamy Subramanian

2023, 4(3):  151-165.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.004



Dental implant material research aims to develop safe, durable, and biocompatible materials for dental implants. Researchers explore various materials, including metals (such as titanium), ceramics, polymers, and composites, considering factors such as strength, corrosion resistance, and bone integration.

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The growing field of dental implant research and development has emerged to rectify the problems associated with human dental health issues. Bio–ceramics are widely used in the medical field, particularly in dental implants, ortho implants, and medical and surgical tools. Various materials have been used in those applications to overcome the limitations and problems associated with their performance and its impact on dental implants. In this article we review and describe the fabrication methods employed for ceramic composites, the microstructure analyses used to identify significant effects on fracture behaviour, and various methods of enhancing mechanical properties. Further, the collective data show that the sintering technique improves the density, hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength of alumina– and zirconia–based composites compared with other methods. Future research aspects and suggestions are discussed systematically.

Research progress and clinical translation of three–dimensional printed porous tantalum in orthopaedics

Jiawei Ying, Haiyu Yu, Liangliang Cheng, Junlei Li, Bin Wu, Liqun Song, Pinqiao Yi, Haiyao Wang, Lingpeng Liu, Dewei Zhao

2023, 4(3):  166-179.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.005



Recently, porous tantalum (Ta) metal has attracted more attention as a new orthopaedic implant material. With the deepening of research and the progress of technology, the advantages of porous Ta metal materials in terms of mechanics and biology have been 
gradually revealed. However, the mechanism of action involved in the biological effects of Ta metal requires more comprehensive and in-depth exploration, including the development of proteomics and genomics.


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With continuous developments in additive manufacturing technology, tantalum (Ta) metal has been manufactured into orthopaedic implants with a variety of forms, properties and uses by three–dimensional printing. Based on extensive research in recent years, the design, processing and performance aspects of this new orthopaedic implant material have been greatly improved. Besides the bionic porous structure and mechanical characteristics that are similar to human bone tissue, porous tantalum is considered to be a viable bone repair material due to its outstanding corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, bone integration and bone conductivity. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have been carried out in order to analyse the safety and efficacy of these implants in orthopaedic applications. This study reviews the most recent advances in manufacturing, characteristics and clinical application of porous tantalum materials.

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A comparative study of human and porcine–derived decellularised nerve matrices

Rui Li, Shuai Qiu, Weihong Yang, Zilong Rao, Jiaxin Chen, Yuexiong Yang, Qingtang Zhu, Xiaolin Liu, Ying Bai, Daping Quan

2023, 4(3):  180-195.  doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.03.006



Comparative analysis of the features of ultrastructure, composition and matrix antigens, as well as the ability to provoke immune responses, of porcine decellularised nerve matrix (pDNM) and human decellularised nerve matrix (hDNM), provide the preliminary basic evidence for the utilisation of pDNM to replace human-derived decellularised nerve products for the repair of peripheral nerve damage.


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Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) biomaterials originating from allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have been broadly studied in the field of regenerative medicine and have already been used in clinical treatments. Allogeneic dECMs are considered more compatible, but they have the drawback of extremely limited human tissue sources. Their availability is also restricted by the health and age of the donors. To investigate the viability of xenogeneic tissues as a substitute for human tissues, we fabricated both porcine decellularised nerve matrix (pDNM) and human decellularised nerve matrix for a comprehensive comparison. Photomicrographs showed that both dECM scaffolds retained the ECM microstructures of native human nerve tissues. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the protein compositions of both dECMs were also very similar to each other. Their functional ECM contents effectively promoted the proliferation, migration, and maturation of primary human Schwann cells in vitro. However, pDNM contained a few antigens that induced severe host immune responses in humanised mice. Interestingly, after removing the α–galactosidase antigen, the immune responses were highly alleviated and the pre–treated pDNM maintained a human decellularised nerve matrix–like pro–regenerative phenotype. Therefore, we believe that an α–galactosidase–free pDNM may serve as a viable substitute for human decellularised nerve matrix in future clinical applications.