Three-dimensional bio-printing of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review

doi:10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.02.004

Biomaterials Translational ›› 2022, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 105-115.doi: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.02.004

• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles

Three-dimensional bio-printing of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review

Melika Sahranavard¹^,^*(), Soulmaz Sarkari², SeyedehMina Safavi², Farnaz Ghorbani³

1 Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

Received:2022-04-10 Revised:2022-05-11 Accepted:2022-06-01 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-06-28
Contact: Melika Sahranavard E-mail:Melika.sahra@yahoo.com
About author:Melika Sahranavard, Melika.sahra@yahoo.com.

Abstract

Abstract:

Cartilage injuries are common problems that increase with the population aging. Cartilage is an avascular tissue with a relatively low level of cellular mitotic activity, which makes it impossible to heal spontaneously. To compensate for this problem, three-dimensional bio-printing has attracted a great deal of attention in cartilage tissue engineering. This emerging technology aims to create three-dimensional functional scaffolds by accurately depositing layer-by-layer bio-inks composed of biomaterial and cells. As a novel bio-ink, a decellularized extracellular matrix can serve as an appropriate substrate that contains all the necessary biological cues for cellular interactions. Here, this review is intended to provide an overview of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks and their properties, sources, and preparation process. Following this, decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage tissue engineering are discussed, emphasizing cell behavior and in-vivo applications. Afterward, the current challenges and future outlook will be discussed to determine the conclusing remarks.

Key words: , 3D bio-printing, cartilage, decellularization, dECM, tissue engineering

Cite this article

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1. The schematic of different decellularized extracellular matrix sources and decellularization methods.

Table 1. Differences between organ/tissue dECM and cell-derived dECM

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Organ/tissue-derived dECM	Similarity to native ECM (architectural/mechanical)	Availability or lack thereof
	Easy preparation at large scale	Present stem cell niche
	-	Large batch-to-batch differences
Cell-derived dECM	Possibility of preparation in limited regions	Low similarity to native ECM
	Present stem cells, cells	Difficult to preparation at large scale
	Small batch-to-batch differences	-

Figure 2. (A) The histological staining for type I and II collagens and sGAGs of cECM-MA bio-inks contained/free BM-MSCs. Cell contained bio-inks as expected showed higher type I and II collagens and sGAGs. Reprinted from Behan et al.82 (B, C) The cell viability of cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride-modified PVA samples (B) and cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride-modified PVA contained solubilized dECM (C) after 1 and 7 days. Reprinted from Setayeshmehr et al.85 Scale bars: 100 µm. BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; cECM-MA: methacrylated cartilage ECM-based hydrogel/bio-ink; dECM: decellularized extracellular matrix; PVA: poly (vinyl alcohol); sGAGs: sulphated glycosaminoglycans.

Figure 3. (A) The in-vivo auricular tissue regeneration on the back of nude mice after 12 and 24 weeks. Reprinted from Jia et al.90 (B) Microscopic observation of in-vivo investigation using decellularized extracellular matrix and mesenchymal stem cell bio-ink after 1 week. There was indirect osteogenesis in the muscle tissue near the scaffold. Scale bar: 800 μm. Reprinted from Isaeva et al.91

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Three-dimensional bio-printing of decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review

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