Biomaterials Translational ›› 2021, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (3): 248-256.doi: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.03.007
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Qingchuan Wang1, Weidan Wang1,2, Yanfang Li3, Weirong Li3, Lili Tan1,*(), Ke Yang1,*()
Received:
2021-06-04
Revised:
2021-07-31
Accepted:
2021-09-10
Online:
2021-09-28
Published:
2021-09-28
Contact:
Lili Tan,Ke Yang
E-mail:lltan@imr.ac.cn;kyang@imr.ac.cn
About author:
Ke Yang, kyang@imr.ac.cn.
Wang, Q.; Wang, W.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Tan, L.; Yang, K. Biofunctional magnesium coating of implant materials by physical vapour deposition. Biomater Transl. 2021, 2(3), 248-256.
Substrate material | Fabrication method | Degradation behaviour | Osteogenic property | Angiogenic property | Antimicrobial property | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31 | Vapour deposition | Corrosion resistance improved | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
AZ31 | Vapour deposition | Comparable to the un-coated 6N-Mg | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
AZ31 | Vapour deposition + hot press and HIP processes | Corrosion resistance improved | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
Ti6Al4V | Arc ion plating | Continuous release with Mg degradation | Enhanced new bone regenerating ability in vivo | Accelerated blood vessel formation around the scaffold | Strong killing effect of pure Mg film on Staphylococcus aureus | |
Ti6Al4V | Arc ion plating | Sustained at least for 14 days | Restrained peri-implant osteolysis | ﹣ | Cu addition enhanced the antibacterial property of Mg coatings | |
Cold-rolled steel plates | Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering | Corrosion rate greatly decreased | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
Oxidized Si wafer | Physical vapor deposition | Grains remain intact 48 hours after implantation | Thinner fibrous capsule formed than titanium control samples | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
PEEK | Vapour deposition | Lower degradation rate without galvanic corrosion | ﹣ | The antibacterial rate reached 99% when co-cultured for 12 hours | ﹣ |
Table 1 Summary of the biofunctions of magnesium (Mg) coating on different implant materials.
Substrate material | Fabrication method | Degradation behaviour | Osteogenic property | Angiogenic property | Antimicrobial property | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31 | Vapour deposition | Corrosion resistance improved | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
AZ31 | Vapour deposition | Comparable to the un-coated 6N-Mg | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
AZ31 | Vapour deposition + hot press and HIP processes | Corrosion resistance improved | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
Ti6Al4V | Arc ion plating | Continuous release with Mg degradation | Enhanced new bone regenerating ability in vivo | Accelerated blood vessel formation around the scaffold | Strong killing effect of pure Mg film on Staphylococcus aureus | |
Ti6Al4V | Arc ion plating | Sustained at least for 14 days | Restrained peri-implant osteolysis | ﹣ | Cu addition enhanced the antibacterial property of Mg coatings | |
Cold-rolled steel plates | Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering | Corrosion rate greatly decreased | ﹣ | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
Oxidized Si wafer | Physical vapor deposition | Grains remain intact 48 hours after implantation | Thinner fibrous capsule formed than titanium control samples | ﹣ | ﹣ | |
PEEK | Vapour deposition | Lower degradation rate without galvanic corrosion | ﹣ | The antibacterial rate reached 99% when co-cultured for 12 hours | ﹣ |
Figure 2. (A, B) Surface morphology (A) and cross section (B) of magnesium (Mg)-coated Ti6Al4V alloy. Scale bars: 50 μm.30 Copyright Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Reproduced with permission.
Figure 3. (A) Variation of the pH of immersion solutions after soaking titanium (Ti) alloy with and without magnesium (Mg) coatings. Reproduced from Du et al.30 Copyright Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (B) Variation of the pH of immersion solutions after soaking polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with and without Mg coatings. The upper four lines are all Mg coated. Reprinted from Yu et al.25 Copyright 2018, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 4. (A, B) pH monitoring (A) and ion release (B) of magnesium (Mg)-coated Ti6Al4V immersed in Hank’s solution for 7 days. Reprinted from Li et al.24
Figure 5. (A-F) Antibacterial effects of Ti6Al4V alloy without (A-C) and with (D-F) magnesium coating, co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus at 37°C for 6 hours (A, D), 12 hours (B, E) and 24 hours (C, F). Reprinted with permission from Yu et al.31 Copyright © 2017 Acta Metallurgica Sinica.
Figure 6. (A, B) Micro-computed tomographic images of the porous Ti6Al4V with and without magnesium (Mg) coating at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, where the yellow colour component was the newly-formed bone in these scaffolds. (C) Quantitative results showing the percentage of regenerated bone volume/total volume. Ti: titanium. *P < 0.01, vs. Ti Reprinted from Li et al.24
Figure 7. (A) Microangiographic analysis of newly-formed blood vessels around porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds with and without magnesium (Mg) coating. (B) Quantitative results showing blood vessel volume/total volume. *P < 0.05, vs. bare Ti6Al4V scaffold (Ti). Ti: titanium. Reprinted from Gao et al.26
Figure 8. (A) General overview of the implants and implantation process. (B) Magnesium (Mg) inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. *P < 0.05, vs. control (CTRL). CTR: calcitonin receptor; DC-STAMP: dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand; TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; VOI: volume of interest. Du et al.30 Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission.
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